former averaging 159 acres, the latter 357, demonstrating the
necessity of a class of temporary laborers on large acreage.

Another important fact developed by this investigation was
the relation between the character of the crop grown and the
employment of Japanese. On the farms where whites were em-
ployed exclusively, no berries or nursery products were grown
and very little vegetables outside of beans.

The relation of the character of the crop to the employment
of Japanese is well brought out in the following:

On the 2,369 farms operated by white farmers the percentage
of labor furnished by Japanese, according to the principal crops
grown, was as follows:

Per Cent. Per Cent.
Berries” 23a eee 87.2 Citrus fruits... eee 38.1
Sugar DeeCts msec 66.3 Deciduous fruits ............... 36.5
Nursery products ............ 57.3 ODS  <.ccnc0sti ee 8.7
Grapesiy). ee ee 51.3 Hay and grain 22> 6.6
Veretables( 2)... 6228 45.7 Miscellaneous ...................... 19.6

It was further developed in this investigation that the fruit
crops peculiar to California required the labor of a large number
of persons for a very short period of time. The average dura-
tion of employment on farms visited was less than two months
in the year, 68.3 per cent of the whites and 61.6 per cent of the
Japanese were employed less than three months, and only 16.6
per cent of the whites and 10.7 per cent of the Japanese were em-
ployed permanently.

The following two charts will clearly show the relative position
of Japanese and others engaged in agriculture of California :*

1 These charts are reproduced from the Fourteenth Biennial Report
of Labor Statistics of California, pp. 270-273.

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