of living is notably inferior is in housing.” “The Japanese have
been willing to observe a lower standard in the matter of housing
than the American or the average European, though not lower
than that of the Greek, the South Italian, and some of the less
desirable races of immigrants from South and East Europe, and
he demands distinctly better accommodations than the Mexi-
cans.” 7*

After examining these detailed facts covering over twenty
pages, the federal report concludes: “Thus the Japanese have
a comparatively small percentage of illiterates among them, are
intelligent and eager to learn of American institutions, make a
fairly rapid progress in learning to speak English, and unusually
good progress in learning to read and write it. They have not
proved to be burdensome to the community because of pauperism

or crime. Yet the Japanese, like the Chinese, are regarded as
differing so greatly from the white races that they have lived in
but no integral part of the community. A strong public opinion
has segregated them, if not in their work, in the other details of
their living, and practically forbids, when not expressed in law,
marriage between them and persons of the white race.”? So
_ much for the social and political aspects of Japanese immigration.

| Recapitulation.

By way of summary, I wish to say:

1. Japanese immigration was insignificant till 1891, when
_ 1,000 of them immigrated for the first time. The number never
exceeded 10,000 in any one year but once, and on the whole,
_ formed but less than a drop in the bucket on the basis of general
immigration. The agreement of 1907 “has been loyally and
_ rigidly kept by the Japanese foreign office: too rigidly it may be,
for even students from Japan bound for American universities,
_the best bond of peace between the two countries, find it increas-
ingly hard to get their passports.”? The Japanese population
11 Ibid.

12 Ibid., p. 256.

1 Immigration Commission, Reports, vol. 23, p. 166.
2D. S. Jordan, “What Shall We Say?” p. 69

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