has slightly diminished since 1908, when it was estimated at
80,000. The census for 1910 says it was 71,000.

2. The “scums” of Japan never immigrated to the United
States. Common laborers formed but 21.4 per cent of the total
immigration between 1886 and 1908. “Beaten men of beaten
races” could not be applied to the Japanese. To call them
“coolies” is to deny facts. Females formed a small portion of the
Japanese immigrants, though they formed a larger portion of
immigration in more recent years. Ninety per cent of Japan-
ese were between 14 and 44 years of age when admitted into the
country. The per capita amount of money brought by them is not
materially different from that brought by the most well-to-do
European immigrants, viz.: English, German, Irish, etc. In
California, the illiteracy among Japanese is smallest as compared
with that among other foreign-born elements.

3. By far the great majority of Japanese immigrants are con-
fined to the Western States, and in particular to California. But
they do not congest. They are scattered all over the State, though
the majority are found in rural districts.

4. Occupationally the most important for Japanese is agri-
culture. Here they are said to be now indispensable. Several
thousands are employed by their own merchants and tradesmen.
A slightly less number are found in domestic service. Some are
employed by railroads. In none of the more important occupa-
tions do the Japanese now compete to the detriment of the general
standard of living. When similarly occupied, on the whole, the
Japanese are earning just as much as anybody else, if not more.

5. The current notion concerning Japanese farming in Cali-
fornia is altogether too exaggerated. The farm land owned by
them is no more than 12,726 acres, and the amount leased, 17,596.
“Because of the circumstances under which they have engaged
in farming an unusually large number of the Japanese have
failed.”

6. Japanese city trades are, indeed, numerous. But most of
these are very small-scale enterprises. The total capital invested
in these is no more than $4,000,000 and the total annual transac-
tions, $16,000,000.

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